فیلم16- معاینه حنجره و حلق
Examination of the Larynx and Pharyn
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Visualization of the larynx and pharynx is an essential part of a complete head and neck examination. Although the location of these structures often precludes direct visualization, simple techniques can be used to evaluate these anatomic structures in the clinical setting. Indirect laryngoscopy can be performed with either a simple dental mirror or with a flexible fiberoptic endoscope. These procedures can be performed on patients who are awake and cooperative, and are usually well tolerated. Patients with symptoms such as chronic cough, dysphonia, chronic throat pain, dysphagia, voice changes, and symptoms of aspiration should all undergo careful laryngoscopy
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